Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction

TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

* carried out by unicellular organisms, many lower animals, and many plants
* asexual reproduction IS mitosis
* offspring are identical to the parents
* the process is usually rapid and results in a large number of offspring
* there are several types of asexual reproduction

1) binary fission

* the equal division of nuclear material and cytoplasm resulting in 2 new organisms
* basically is simple animal cell mitosis
* carried out by paramecium, ameba, bacteria, and many algae

2) budding

A) in unicellular organisms

* similar to binary fission BUT has an unequal division of cytoplasm; offspring is smaller than the parent

B) in multicellular organisms

* a bunch of cells form a smaller organism on the original if conditions are favorable
* the bud develops into a fully functional organism which may or may not detach from the parent

3) sporulation

* spores are single, specialized cells that are released from the parent and can develop into new individuals if the conditions are right
* occurs in molds and mushrooms

4) regeneration

A) of body parts

* new tissues can be produced to replace those lost or damaged
* occurs in such animals as lobsters, crabs, and gecko lizards

B) new organisms

* when an entire new organism is produced from part of the original organism
* occurs in seastars and planarians (a type of simple annelid)

(as long as a ray--one of the points--has some of the center piece, it can grow into a whole new seastar!)

5) vegetative propagation

* when new plants develop from roots, stems or leaves of the parent organism
* many different types

A) cuttings
* a new plant grows from a piece of the parent
* ex. coleus, geraniums

B) bulbs
* bulbs bud from parent plants
* can grow into new individuals
* ex. onions, tulips

C) tubers
* stem-like structures that grow underground from the parent
* can form new individual organisms if the conditions are right
* ex. potatoes

D) runners
* stem-like structures that grow above the soil from the parent
* when it reaches a favorable spot (enough light, water...) it will grow into a new individual
* ex. strawberries, ivy

E) grafting
* special tissues--called cambium (embryonic) tissues can be attached to a cutting of a parent plant
* ex. seedless oranges
* can artificially grow plants with different characteristics that are desirable!

Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction

			TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION * carried out by unicellular organisms, many lower animals, and many plants * asexual reproduction IS mitosis * offspring are identical to the parents * the process is usually rapid and results in a large number of offspring * there are several types of asexual reproduction 1) binary fission * the equal division of nuclear material and cytoplasm resulting in 2 new organisms * basically is simple animal cell mitosis * carried out by paramecium, ameba, bacteria, and many algae 2) budding A) in unicellular organisms * similar to binary fission BUT has an unequal division of cytoplasm; offspring is smaller than the parent B) in multicellular organisms * a bunch of cells form a smaller organism on the original if conditions are favorable * the bud develops into a fully functional organism which may or may not detach from the parent 3) sporulation * spores are single, specialized cells that are released from the parent and can develop into new individuals if the conditions are right * occurs in molds and mushrooms 4) regeneration A) of body parts * new tissues can be produced to replace those lost or damaged * occurs in such animals as lobsters, crabs, and gecko lizards B) new organisms * when an entire new organism is produced from part of the original organism * occurs in seastars and planarians (a type of simple annelid) (as long as a ray--one of the points--has some of the center piece, it can grow into a whole new seastar!) 5) vegetative propagation * when new plants develop from roots, stems or leaves of the parent organism * many different types A) cuttings * a new plant grows from a piece of the parent * ex. coleus, geraniums B) bulbs * bulbs bud from parent plants * can grow into new individuals * ex. onions, tulips C) tubers * stem-like structures that grow underground from the parent * can form new individual organisms if the conditions are right * ex. potatoes D) runners * stem-like structures that grow above the soil from the parent * when it reaches a favorable spot (enough light, water...) it will grow into a new individual * ex. strawberries, ivy E) grafting * special tissues--called cambium (embryonic) tissues can be attached to a cutting of a parent plant * ex. seedless oranges * can artificially grow plants with different characteristics that are desirable!
	Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction